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Hydrolysis of Methyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, and Butyl Acetate - pt.7, 8 Chemist |
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Butyl Acetate, Ammonia, and Universal Indicator - Part 7
Let's begin the experiment on the hydrolysis of butyl acetate. This time, I slightly modified the sequence of reagent addition. I also used ammonia instead of sodium hydroxide, expecting a similar result.
Бутилацетат, аммиак и универсальный индикатор - Часть 7 I poured 50 ml of distilled water into a flask and placed a magnetic stir bar inside. This time, I used a flask that was wide enough to prevent the ends of the stir bar from striking the sides. I added a few drops of a universal indicator solution in ethanol and then added 10 ml of butyl acetate. Two liquid layers formed: a yellow aqueous solution at the bottom and a colorless organic solvent layer on top. I started vigorous stirring. An emulsion formed, which immediately broke down after the stirrer was turned off. Two liquid layers formed again, visually identical to the previous ones. Note that the organic layer remained colorless. I added 2 ml of concentrated ammonia solution. The upper part of the aqueous layer turned violet. I turned on the stirrer, and the entire aqueous layer became violet. I increased the stirring speed, and a violet emulsion formed. I then turned off the stirrer, and the mixture separated into two liquid layers. To my surprise, the butyl acetate layer remained colorless. In a similar experiment with ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide, the organic layer had turned a deep amber-yellow. I hypothesized that this difference was due to the different properties of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. The latter apparently did not extract the components of the universal indicator from the aqueous solution and therefore remained colorless. Another possible explanation for the absence of color in the organic layer was the replacement of sodium hydroxide with ammonia, although I did not realize this until the next experiment. I resumed the stirring and separation cycles. Each cycle lasted several minutes. After several such cycles, the butyl acetate layer remained visually unchanged, while the aqueous solution changed only slightly in hue. I added another 20 ml of butyl acetate and turned on vigorous stirring. To accelerate heterogeneous processes, it is necessary to increase the surface area of contact between the phases. In our case, more vigorous stirring produced smaller droplets of butyl acetate, resulting in a greater total interfacial surface area. The stirrer controller allowed the magnetic stir bar to rotate at a much higher speed, but the stirring rate had to be limited because excessive rotation could cause the mixture to splash out of the flask. The emulsion remained violet for several minutes. Finally, after I turned off the stirrer, the liquids separated, and it became clear that the color of the aqueous layer had changed from violet to greenish-blue. The organic layer remained colorless. In the video, I cut out long sections during which no noticeable changes in the indicator color occurred. However, demonstrating the entire experiment in front of an audience would have been rather boring. Thus, the hydrolysis of butyl acetate in the presence of an ammonia solution proceeded significantly more slowly than the hydrolysis of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate in the presence of an aqueous alkali solution (sodium hydroxide or ammonia). Unlike methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, butyl acetate is only slightly soluble in water (0.7 g per 100 ml at 20°C), which significantly slows its hydrolysis. |
Butyl Acetate, Ammonia, and Universal Indicator |
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