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Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD): Storage Stability - p.4, 5


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Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage - Part 4
Взрыв ГМТД после 11 месяцев хранения - Часть 4
After 11 months had passed, I tested the second sample. The measured electrical resistance was 0.6 Ohm. I secured the cylinder in a retort stand, set up a protective shield, and placed an inverted tin can beneath the cylinder. To protect my hearing, I put on headphones and connected a 6-volt lead-acid battery to the contacts.

White smoke began to rise from the cylinder's stopper. At first, it escaped slowly, but then it shot upward in a strong jet. A short time later, a loud explosion followed, and the can was thrown aside. Because the headphones absorbed the sound, I could not tell at the moment whether the substance had detonated or whether the cylinder had merely been blown away by the jet thrust of the escaping gases.

On inspection, it became clear what had happened: the cylinder had been reduced to dust, and the bottom of the tin can had been torn out. The fragments had struck the base of the stand, leaving small craters. Several shards of the tin can were also scattered across the table and floor. Despite the violence of the explosion, the hot bridge wire remained intact.

Thus, the HMTD sample retained its ability to detonate even after 11 months of storage in contact with titanium wire. However, the explosion occurred with a noticeable delay-apparently because the layers of HMTD in direct contact with the titanium had already decomposed.



Взрыв ГМТД после 11 месяцев хранения - Часть 4
Когда прошло 11 месяцев, испытал второй образец. Измерил электрическое сопротивление, оно оказалось равным 0.6 Ом. Закрепил цилиндр в лабораторном штативе, установил защитный экран. Снизу под цилиндром поместил жестяную консервную банку, перевернутую дном вверх. Для защиты слуха надел наушники. Подключил к контактам 6 В свинцовый аккумулятор.

Над пробкой цилиндра появился белый дым, сначала он выделялся медленно, потом - ударил вверх сильной струей. Немного позже произошел сильный взрыв, банка улетела. Наушники поглотили звук, поэтому во время наблюдения я не знал, взорвалось ли вещество, или цилиндр просто улетел за счет реактивной тяги отходящих газов.

При осмотре обнаружил, что цилиндр разнесло в пыль, а у консервной банки разорвало дно. Осколки выбили маленькие "кратеры" в основании штатива. На столе и на полу нашел несколько осколков жестяной банки. Зато мостик накаливания (hot bridge wire) остался невредимым - несмотря на сильный взрыв.

Таким образом, вещество детонировало даже после 11 месяцев хранения и контакта с титановой проволокой. Однако взрыв произошел с заметной задержкой - по-видимому, слои ГМТД, которые непосредственно контактировали с титаном, подверглись разложению.


Download the Video (48 Mb, .avi )

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage
Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 11 Months of Storage




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Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage - Part 5
Взрыв ГМТД после 12 месяцев хранения - Часть 5
Finally, it was time to test the third and final sample - one year and one day had passed since its preparation.

The sample contained 1 gram of HMTD. I connected the wires and measured the electrical resistance; it was 0.9 ohms. I installed a protective plexiglass shield, secured the wires holding the cylinder in a retort stand, and placed an upside-down tin can beneath the cylinder. I invited a colleague to be present.

The video was filmed with two smartphones: one positioned behind the protective shield, and the other set at a 90-degree angle to the first camera's field of view.

I hoped the explosion would occur immediately, though I feared there might be a delay - or that the sample would not explode at all. The longer the storage time, the higher the likelihood of a negative result.

I put on headphones and connected the contacts to a 6-volt lead-acid battery. I forgot to wear a protective mask, even though I was looking directly at the sample.

Immediately, there was a loud explosion that threw the can into the air. A large amount of black and white smoke was released, accompanied by a distinctive odor. A colleague claimed it smelled like hexamine, but I did not detect hexamine - only the characteristic odor of HMTD decomposition products. The black smoke was most likely caused by the high temperature and shock wave acting on the plastic casing.

A hole formed in the bottom of the can. The metal lid (at the bottom of the can) was perforated with several small holes.

My colleague said that fragments flew past him. I was much closer, but I didn't feel any.

The hot bridgewire remained intact this time, as in the previous experiment.

I motioned to my colleague to step into the hallway to avoid inhaling the smoke. It turned out that two employees from neighboring laboratories had also run into the hallway, startled by the loud noise. I explained to them that everything was fine. I hadn't known they were at work; otherwise, I would have warned them in advance.

Thus, the third HMTD sample exploded without delay, despite being stored for a year in contact with titanium wire.



Взрыв ГМТД после 12 месяцев хранения - Часть 5
Наконец, пришло время испытывать третий и последний образец - прошел один год и один день с момента его изготовления.

Образец содержал 1 г ГМТД. Подключил провода и проверил электрическое сопротивление, оно составляло 0.9 Ом. Установил защитный экран из оргстекла. Цилиндр закрепил за провода в лабораторном штативе. Снизу под цилиндром поставил жестяную консервную банку, перевернутую дном вверх. Пригласил коллегу поприсутствовать.

Снимал на два смартфона: один был за защитным экраном, другой находился на расстоянии под углом 90 градусов к полю зрения первого.

Я надеялся, что взрыв произойдет сразу, но боялся, что будет задержка или образец вообще не взорвется. Чем дольше время хранения, тем больше вероятность отрицательного результата.

Надел наушники и подключил контакты к свинцовому аккумулятору на 6 В. Надеть защитную маску забыл, хотя смотрел прямо на образец.

Моментально произошел сильный взрыв, консервную банку подбросило. Образовалось много черного и белого дыма, ощущался характерный запах. Коллега утверждал, что пахло уротропином, но я ощущал запах не уротропина, а именно продуктов взрывного разложения ГМТД. Черный дым, скорее всего, образовался при действии высокой температуры и ударной волны на пластиковый корпус.

В дне банки образовалась дырка. В жестяной крышке (снизу банки) было несколько маленьких отверстий.

Коллега сказал, что возле него пролетели осколки. Я находился значительно ближе, но осколков не ощутил.

Мостик накаливания остался целым (как и в прошлом эксперименте).

Показал коллеге жестом выйти в коридор, чтобы не дышать дымом. Оказалось, что в коридор выбежали две сотрудницы из соседних лабораторий - их напугал громкий звук. Объяснил им, что все нормально. Не знал, что они на работе - иначе бы предупредил.

Таким образом, третий образец ГМТД взорвался без задержки, несмотря на год хранения в контакте с титановой проволокой.


Download the Video (42 Mb, .avi )

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage
Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage

Explosion of HMTD after 12 Months of Storage



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