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| Tritium, Calcium Chloride, and Wasp - pt.1, 2 Chemist | 
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This happened many years ago. Our department worked with tritium: issues of tritium-containing radioactive waste, tritium migration in inorganic and biological systems, assessment of radiation accident consequences, and similar topics.
 Our country was invaded by a neighboring state, and war broke out. I joined the army, even though I had the right to refuse conscription as a researcher. When my boss learned of my decision, he became furious and told me: "This isn't a real war - it's just a conflict between oligarchs! You're joining the army to avoid writing your dissertation (!)," and so on. When I arrived at the front, the fighting had already subsided and was limited in scope. One region of our country was completely occupied and annexed, two others were partially occupied, and then the enemy was stopped. The invaders didn't dare to commit their main forces, while our country lacked the resources to liberate the occupied territories. The intensity of fighting sharply decreased. My service consisted mostly of standing guard, sleeping, and occasional drinking sessions. Even training exercises were forbidden, since explosions could provoke enemy shelling. Eventually, I exercised my right to demobilization and returned home. After the army, I no longer wanted to return to my previous job - I resigned from the institute voluntarily. I suffered from depression and apathy. I couldn't find work for a long time-not because there were no jobs, but because I couldn't bring myself to look for one. Talking to strangers and going through interviews was far harder for me than working with deadly mines at the front. A colleague of mine continued working in the department. A few years later, the department was dissolved, everyone was transferred elsewhere, but the tritium project remained. My former boss became the deputy director of the institute. Eight years after the first invasion, a full-scale war began. This time, the enemy threw in all its forces to destroy us - keeping only nuclear weapons in reserve. According to their plan, my hometown was supposed to fall in three days, and the entire country in two or three weeks. On the second day, I volunteered for the territorial defense. A few hours later, I realized my mistake. Due to uncoordinated actions by commanders, "friendly fire" erupted: we shot at each other for an hour, believing we were firing at the enemy. Miraculously, no one was killed. Later, it turned out there had been no enemy troops in our city at all. After that came checkpoint duty and almost no training. Many people joined the territorial defense then. Unlike the regular army, service there was voluntary - you could leave at any time, which I did after a month. I returned to my job - a laboratory located on the grounds of a radioactive waste storage facility. Meanwhile, my former boss fled the country for sunny Italy - away from war and death - and soon found a well-paying job in his field. Years later, I returned to my old institute, though to a different department with a different focus. Upon my return, I discovered that my former colleague - the one I had started with - was working on a project about tritium... for our former boss, now living in Italy. The project concerned the interaction of tritiated water with concrete. The work was interesting, but I was astonished to learn that my colleague was not receiving any salary for it. My former boss had promised him a reasonable salary for participating in an international project, and my colleague began the experiment. Later, the boss informed him that "legal difficulties" had arisen - there would be no salary, but the work had to continue! Unfortunately, such scams are common in our country. Our former boss may live in Italy now, but that has not made him any more honest. I believe he never intended to pay my colleague from the very beginning - the "legal problems" were pure invention. I advised my colleague to stop the experiment immediately, but he didn't listen. He was reluctant to abandon the work he had already done. Moreover, he couldn't publish a paper of his own, since the composition of the concrete used in the experiments was unknown-the samples had come from Italy. He worked hard but received neither payment nor any publishable results. Six months later, the former boss called again. He had won an IAEA project to monitor tritium levels in the air near the radioactive waste storage facility where I had recently worked. He again asked my colleague to perform the work, once more promising payment. The task was to place traps containing anhydrous calcium chloride at designated points along the perimeter of the waste storage site. The calcium chloride would absorb moisture from the air. After 24 hours, the traps were to be collected, the absorbed water distilled, and the tritium analyzed. Although the facility was within city limits, the surrounding terrain was difficult: forested, with fallen trees, dense bushes, and swamps in some places. Mosquitoes and other unpleasant insects were abundant. I said to my colleague, "I hope you refused? He cheated you once - he'll cheat you again." "Of course I refused," he replied. "I'm not going to set the traps; two other employees will." The next day, I went to see my colleague - he was sitting in his lab. I was overjoyed to see him. At first, I was sure he had told me he wouldn't do the project just so I wouldn't feel bad for him, while actually planning to go set the traps. However, since he was in the lab, I assumed he hadn't gone into the forest after all. When I looked at him, all my joy vanished. His face was swollen, and he looked very ill. It turned out that he had gone into the forest with two other employees to set the calcium chloride traps - he had lied to me. They arrived by car and notified security. To protect their legs from moisture, they pulled plastic bags over their jeans and shoes. They took the necessary equipment and headed into the forest. Along the way, my colleague felt a sharp pain on the top of his head. When he touched the spot, the pain struck again. A wasp had gotten into his hair and stung him twice. He had been stung by wasps many times before - it was unpleasant, but never serious - so he ignored it and went on. When they reached the site, he was about to set the first trap when he suddenly lost consciousness. He fell and regained awareness lying on the ground, surrounded by worried coworkers. He tried to stand, but his head was spinning, and his legs were buckling. The wasp stings had caused a severe allergic reaction. The trap was supposed to be attached to a tree at a height of four meters (!) - fortunately, my colleague had not yet begun to climb. The others told him: "Rest. We'll do everything ourselves. If you can't walk, we won't be able to carry you to the car." The two finished the work themselves. Then they had to reach the car. One was young; the other was elderly and barely able to walk. One carried all the equipment, while the other supported my weakened colleague. Slowly and with great difficulty, they made it back to the car. The next day, the two returned and collected the calcium chloride traps. When my colleague recovered, he was supposed to distill the water from the solid calcium chloride. | 
|   Work with radioactive waste | 
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 Distillation of Tritiated Water from Solid Calcium Chloride - Part 2
 It was necessary to distill water from eight calcium chloride samples that had been exposed to air for 24 hours near the radioactive waste storage facility. The samples were expected to have low activity (below the limit for tritium in drinking water), but the distillation had to be carried out in a fume hood. Отгонка тритиевой воды из твердого хлорида кальция - Часть 2 My colleague's two labs had three fume hoods in total, but he had managed to block them completely with various things. So, he asked me to provide a fume hood for the distillation. At the time, I had only one room with a single fume hood. The project I was working on had just been put on hold, so I cleared the hood to let him assemble the distillation apparatus. I asked my colleague just one question: "Did your former boss pay you for your work this time?" "Yes, he did." He named the amount he had received - minus taxes - and it was a paltry sum, even by the standards of our war-torn country. Not to mention that tritium analysis requires an expensive liquid scintillator, which is purchased at the institute's expense. "If you agreed, then do the analysis. After that, I recommend you have no further dealings with this individual." Whether my colleague told me the truth - that his former boss had paid him for the work - I don't know, and probably never will. Given past experience, he might have deceived me again. My colleague assembled the apparatus and placed the first sample of calcium chloride into the distillation flask - without weighing it. I asked: "Perhaps the sample should have been weighed before distillation?" "No. We determine the tritium content in the absorbed water, not the water content in the sample." I agreed. My colleague directed the water flow into the condenser and turned on the hotplate. To speed up the heating, he wrapped the flask in fiberglass. I expected the calcium chloride granules in the flask to melt, forming an aqueous calcium chloride solution; then this solution would boil, and water would begin to distill. However, the granules did not turn into a solution. Only a small amount of liquid appeared in the flask, which boiled and evaporated. The distillation process began: distilled water started dripping into the receiver. We discarded the first portion, then began collecting the main fraction. For analysis, it was necessary to collect at least 8 mL of distillate, which we successfully managed to do. I asked: "Shall we distill the next sample?" "No - let's do it tomorrow. Or better yet, the day after tomorrow!" A colleague cannot refuse when asked to do a job, even if he knows he will be deceived. However, once deceived, he delays the work as much as possible. What deadline can there be when the pay is minimal - or not paid at all? I understood my colleague perfectly. The problem was that I needed the fume hood for other work, and I didn't want to drag out the distillation for several weeks. The next morning, I began distilling the samples myself, without even telling my colleague. Some samples completely melted when heated, and the resulting solution boiled vigorously - I had to reduce the heat to prevent the liquid from bumping from the distillation flask into the condenser. Conversely, other samples behaved calmly (like the very first one), forming only a small liquid phase that gradually boiled away. It was logical to assume that one group of calcium chloride samples had absorbed a lot of water, while the other had absorbed only a moderate amount. My colleague, seeing me distilling his samples, turned to other tasks (two people were not needed to maintain the distillation apparatus). Within two days, I had distilled all the samples and handed the distilled water to my colleague for tritium analysis. I forgot to mention: on the evening of the first day, when I had already distilled most of the samples, my colleague brought me... | 
|   Distillation Tritiated Water from Calcium Chloride | 
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