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Chemistry and Chemists № 2 2026 Journal of Chemists-Enthusiasts |
Determining Moisture Content in Hexamine - pt.3, 4 Chemist |
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Not much time has passed since the events described below - just over a month - but it feels as though I analyzed the hexamine many years ago. So many other events - both pleasant and unpleasant - have occurred during that month that new impressions and experiences have almost completely erased my memories of analyzing the urotropine. To refresh my memory, I had to reread my laboratory journal and look through my photo archive.
So, everything was more or less ready for the analysis. The desiccator contained a desiccant - freshly calcined calcium chloride. An analytical balance stood under the fume hood. Next to it was a technical balance. I prepared glass weighing bottles with caps and heated them in a drying cabinet at 100°C for one hour, then placed the bottles in the desiccator. I managed to adjust the technical balance, but I was still unable to adjust the analytical balance by centering the air bubble. I asked a colleague for help - this time, he actually adjusted the balance. The last time, he had promised to help but was too lazy to fulfill his promise, so I had had to weigh the weighing bottles on a technical balance instead of the analytical one. The technical balance turned out to be accurate enough. This time, I decided to weigh the same weighing bottles on both the technical and analytical balances. If the analytical balance gave inaccurate readings, I'd have to settle for the less accurate measurements obtained with the technical balance. Before opening the 25 kg bag of hexamine, I decided to use hexamine from a 1 kg bag that I already had in my laboratory. I weighed three weighing bottles with their lids, placed approximately 1 g of hexamine in each, and weighed them again. Then I took the weighing bottles to another room at the opposite end of the hallway. There was a drying cabinet there, which my laboratory did not have. I placed the weighing bottles containing the urotropine samples in the drying cabinet, which had been heated to 100°C. Carrying samples from one laboratory to another was inconvenient. Furthermore, there was a risk of dropping the bottles during transport, which would require starting the analysis from scratch. While it is possible to do this carefully once or twice, if you carry samples from one end of the hallway to the other every day, sooner or later, they are bound to fall on the floor. I would have happily moved the drying cabinet to my laboratory, where I kept the balances, desiccator, and other equipment. However, the institute's caretaker had blocked off the hallway with a wall and a narrow door to conserve heat. This made transporting large equipment between rooms impossible. To move the drying cabinet, I would have had to dismantle the wall and door and then reinstall them. It turned out to be easier to buy a new drying cabinet and bring it to my laboratory. We did eventually buy a new drying cabinet, but that's another story. As my colleague, a senior researcher, put it, "The Academy of Sciences is a humiliation for scientists." In other words, the environment here is not conducive to productive work: neither the laboratory equipment, nor the salaries, nor the administration's attitude toward employees encourages it. Scientific work is carried out on sheer enthusiasm. Let's return to hexamine. An hour later, I opened the door of the drying cabinet. The first thing I noticed was the smell of hexamine. It wasn't strong, but it was quite noticeable. This meant that hexamine was sublimating at the same time as the water was evaporating. Although the sublimation temperature of hexamine (>260°C) was much higher than the temperature in the drying cabinet (100°C), hexamine can evaporate at a much lower temperature. The situation is analogous to that of water: its boiling point at atmospheric pressure is 100°C, yet water evaporates at room temperature and even at freezing temperatures, albeit much more slowly. The question was: could the evaporation of hexamine be ignored under the conditions of our analysis? I took the weighing bottles out, carried them back to my laboratory, and placed them in the desiccator. After an hour, the bottles had cooled, and I weighed them - first on the analytical balance and then on the technical balance. I calculated the mass loss. Weighing on the analytical balance yielded mass loss values of 1.6, 1.9, and 1.7%, while weighing on the technical balance yielded values of 1.2, 2.0, and 2.0%, respectively, for the same weighing bottles. Of course, the results were rather inconsistent, but let's not rush to conclusions. Thus, the mass loss when the urotropine samples were heated for one hour at 100°C was approximately 2%. By this time, the water in the samples should have completely evaporated. I looked up the standards for the water content of hexamine; for one grade of hexamine, the maximum permissible water content is exactly 2%. The result of the analysis was plausible - but was it correct? |
Determining Moisture Content in Hexamine by Gravimetric Analysis - First Attempt |
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The balances in standby mode |
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Determining Moisture Content in Hexamine by Gravimetric Analysis - Continued |
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