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Experiments with Phenol - pt.8, 9


Chemist


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I left the beaker containing picric acid overnight, then filtered it under vacuum in the morning and washed the crystals with distilled water. To minimize acid loss, I cooled the beaker and the water before filtering by placing bottles of ice next to them. At first, the filtrate was yellow and clear, but during washing it became cloudy; when the mother liquor was diluted, a small amount of picric acid precipitated.

I dried the precipitate in the filter funnel, then transferred it onto filter paper and left it to dry at room temperature. An incident occurred the next day. When the precipitate had dried, I began transferring it into a jar for weighing. Suddenly, a dark red spot appeared on the paper near the crystals, followed by another spot on the table. What was happening? It turned out to be blood. I had recently injured my head while extinguishing a fire in an auxiliary building and had not even noticed. The wound had reopened - fortunately, no blood fell onto the picric acid.

The product consisted of pale yellow crystals. The yield was 37.45 g, or 76.9% of the theoretical value. Purification by recrystallization would have been necessary, but I did not carry it out.

The filtrate from which the precipitate had formed was refiltered, giving an additional 0.43 g of picric acid. Such a small amount was hardly worth the effort - the filtrate could just as well have been discarded.

In conclusion, I would like to share one curious observation. I thought that the solution remaining after filtration showed fluorescence. This was probably due to by-products of the synthesis. To check, I would have needed an ultraviolet lamp from home. However, urgent work intervened, and I simply poured the solution into the sink.



Нитрование фенола: синтез пикриновой кислоты (фильтрование) - Часть 8
Оставил стакан с пикриновой кислотой на ночь, утром профильтровал под вакуумом и промыл дистиллированной водой. Для уменьшения потерь кислоты охладил стакан и воду перед фильтрованием с помощью бутылок со льдом. Сначала фильтрат был желтым и прозрачным, но во время промывки осадка водой фильтрат стал мутным - при разбавлении маточного раствора небольшое количество пикриновой кислоты выпало в осадок.

Подсушил осадок в фильтрующей воронке, потом перенес его на фильтровальную бумагу и оставил сохнуть при комнатной температуре. Не обошлось без инцидента. На следующий день осадок высох, и я начал переносить его в баночку для взвешивания. Неожиданно на бумаге возле кристаллов пикриновой кислоты появилось темно-красное пятно. Потом еще одно пятно образовалось рядом на столе. Что происходит? Оказалось, это была кровь. Недавно я поранил голову во время тушения пожара во вспомогательном строении и даже не обратил внимания. Сейчас из раны потекла кровь - хорошо, что не на пикриновую кислоту.

Пикриновая кислота представляла собой бледно-желтые кристаллы. Выход составил 37.45 г или 76.9% от теоретического количества. Для очистки продукт следовало перекристаллизовать, но я эту операцию не проводил.

Фильтрат, из которого образовался осадок, повторно профильтровал, получив дополнительно 0.43 г пикриновой кислоты - такое количество не стоило потраченных усилий - фильтрат можно было просто вылить.

В заключении приведу интересный факт. У меня создалось впечатление, что раствор после фильтрования пикриновой кислоты обладал флуоресценцией. Вероятно, побочные продукты синтеза давали флуоресценцию. Чтобы проверить это предположение, необходимо было принести из дома ультрафиолетовую лампу. Однако появилась срочная работа, поэтому я просто вылил раствор в раковину.


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Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)
Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)

Nitration of Phenol: Synthesis of Picric Acid (filtration)




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Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride - Part 9
Реакция резорцина и хлорида железа (III) - Часть 9
As discussed in the first part of this article, phenol and other compounds containing a phenolic hydroxyl group form colored complexes with iron(III) salts. The reaction of phenol with iron(III) chloride was also described, yielding a violet complex whose color reminded me of ink - and of my less-than-happy school days.

Violet Ink Stain


Among the reagents in the lab, I found an analogue of phenol - resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene), a compound containing two hydroxyl groups located in the meta position of the benzene ring. This prompted the idea of reacting resorcinol with iron(III) chloride. I was confident that this reaction had been well studied and described, but I deliberately refrained from searching the literature for information on the resorcinol-iron(III) complex. It seemed logical to assume that the complex would form similarly to the iron(III)-phenol complex. Moreover, since the resorcinol molecule contains two hydroxyl groups, its complex with iron should form even more readily. The color of the resulting complex was anyone's guess, though I hoped it would be an attractive one.

I poured 200 ml of distilled water into a beaker, placed it on a magnetic stirrer, and added 1.0 g of resorcinol. After the resorcinol had dissolved, I began adding a nearly saturated solution of iron(III) chloride dropwise.

From the very first drop, the solution in the beaker turned an inky violet - a color very similar to that of the iron(III)-phenol complex. As more iron(III) chloride was added, the color deepened; eventually, the solution lost its transparency and became almost black.

Next, I added 13.5% hydrochloric acid dropwise. The liquid in the beaker turned pale and gradually became colorless - the acid destroyed the complex.

Finally, I added a saturated sodium hydroxide solution in small portions. The solution first turned brown, then became cloudy and opaque. It resembled a suspension of iron(III) hydroxide. I turned off the stirrer. Brown flakes formed in the liquid and slowly settled to the bottom.

Thus, in this experiment, resorcinol behaves similarly to phenol.



Реакция резорцина и хлорида железа (III) - Часть 9
Как мы уже обсуждали в первой части статьи, фенол и другие соединения, содержащие фенольный гидроксил, образуют окрашенные комплексы с солями железа (III). Также была описана реакция фенола с хлоридом железа (III), в результате которой образовался фиолетовый комплекс. Цвет комплекса напомнил мне чернила и не совсем счастливые школьные годы.

Violet Ink Stain


В лаборатории среди реактивов оказался аналог фенола - резорцин (1,3-дигидроксибензол) - вещество, содержащее две гидроксильные группы, которые находятся в мета-положении бензольного ядра. Это натолкнуло на мысль провести реакцию резорцина с хлоридом железа (III). Можно было не сомневаться, что данная реакция хорошо исследована и описана, но я сознательно не искал в литературе информацию про комплекс резорцина с железом (III). Логично было предположить, что данный комплекс образуется аналогично комплексу железа (III) с фенолом. Более того, комплекс железа с резорцином должен образоваться легче, чем с фенолом, поскольку молекула резорцина содержит сразу две гидроксильные группы. Про цвет данного комплекса можно было только догадываться, но я надеялся, что он будет красивым.

Налил в стакан 200 мл дистиллированной воды, поставил на магнитную мешалку, добавил 1.0 г резорцина. После растворения стал по каплям добавлять раствор хлорида железа (III), близкий к насыщенному.

От первой же капли раствор в стакане окрасился в чернильно-фиолетовый цвет. Окраска была похожа на комплекс железа (III) с фенолом. Новые капли хлорида железа (III) усиливали окраску, в результате раствор потерял прозрачность и стал почти черным.

Добавил по каплям 13.5% раствор соляной кислоты. Жидкость в стакане побледнела и обесцветилась. Кислота разрушила комплекс.

Наконец, небольшими порциями добавил в стакан насыщенный раствор гидроксида натрия. Раствор стал коричневым, потом помутнел и потерял прозрачность. Жидкость стала похожа на суспензию гидроксида железа (III). Выключил мешалку. В жидкости сформировались коричневые хлопья, которые постепенно осели на дно.

Таким образом, в данном эксперименте резорцин ведет себя аналогично фенолу.


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Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride
Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride

Reaction of Resorcinol and Iron(III) Chloride



[ Nitro compounds, Nitrate esters (Nitroglycerin, Ethylene glycol dinitrate [EGDN], Trinitrotoluene, Picric acid and etc.). Organic nitrites ] [ Iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium - pt.2 ]
Nitro derivatives and related compounds - Discussion on the forum
Iron, its Compounds and Alloys - Discussion on the forum
Chemistry of Complex Compounds; Chelates - Discussion on the forum
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